This study examines a quenched and partitioned steel matrix composite, which was reinforced with 10 vol% Mg-PSZ and processed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Influence of solution annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of a quenched and partitioned steel matrix composite processed by SPS" Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and impact toughness of a Tungsten-Molybdenum powder metallurgical high-speed steel The present study investigated the effect of carbon addition on austenite stability in FeMnNi alloys containing different Mn and Ni contents. Both stability and the volume fraction of austenite can be controlled by several factors, including chemical composition, grain size, dislocation density, and so on. Depending on austenite stability and the volume fraction of austenite at a given temperature, strain-induced martensite transformation during plastic deformation may occur. The carbon concentration in samples after experiment was measured by a combustion-infrared absorptiometry. TEM image revealed clearly that TiC nanoparticles with grain size of 50 nm were distributed in steel matrix at milling time of 40 h. The results showed that increasing of the milling time up to 40 h led to good distribution and grain refinement of nanocomposite powder. Achievement of a fine distribution of TiC nanoparticles in the steel matrix was the main purpose of this study. In specimens where ASBs formed, a progressive reorientation and elongation of the grain structure in the direction of maximum shear was observed. The processed material exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including a hardness of 711 MPa and a yield strength of 1953 MPa . For AlSi4340 steel, high-energy ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering resulted in a refined microstructure with an average particle size of approximately 2.4 µm. Mechanical milling (e.g., high-energy ball milling (HEBM)) is often applied before sintering to improve the grain refinement effect and mechanical properties of the sintered alloys . Effects of mechanical milling on microstructure and mechanical properties of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy fabricated via spark plasma sintering Joo et al. investigated the effects of milling and sintering times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCrMnNiCo alloys. The high hardness of 4340 alloy steel requires that the material be welded in the annealed or tempered state and then heat treated to resist martensite formation and cold cracking. The spacing of lattice planes of iron was measured using a high temperature X-ray diffractometry (XRD), which gradually increased with time and arrived at a constant value. TiC precipitation induced effect on microstructure and mechanical properties in low carbon medium manganese steel Chemistry and three-dimensional morphology of martensite-austenite constituent in the bainite structure of low-carbon low-alloy steels Additionally, AISI 4340M is often used in parts that require good fatigue resistance, where its properties make it a reliable and durable material for such critical applications . The strength increases produced by the dislocation strengthening effects of the AC, OQ, ACT, and OQT specimens are 306.5 MPa, 489.9 MPa, 263.4 MPa, and 371.5 MPa, respectively. Industrial applications demand lightweighting and wear resistance from the material to extend part lifespan and minimize replacement cost . Due to these advantages, it has been widely applied in automotive gears and aircraft landing gears . Chemical composition is developed for new high-strength wear-resistant steels with guaranteed yield strength of 1200, 1500, and 1700 MPa. An attempt is made here to explain the observed phenomena in the yielding and ageing of mild steel, described in two previous papers, in the general terms of a grain-boundary theory. The results show that, for this material, softening takes place in the first few cycles for all values of hardness. Typical applications include bolts, screws and other fasteners. However, as in motor shaft applications, under quenching and tempering conditions, 4340 steel typically use high preheating in low hydrogen processes. Since 4340 alloy steel is air hardened, the welded parts should be either annealed or normalized and tempered shortly after welding. 35 Additionally, the influence of thermal kinetics was highlighted in a study by Dai et al., where increasing the IQT travel speed from 18 to 23 m/min raised the γ R content from 0.506% to 4.03%. Hot isostatic pressing, hot extrusion and spark plasma sintering (SPS) are different methods of powder metallurgy . Similar powder metallurgy approaches based on mechanical alloying have also been extended to high-entropy alloys, where phase evolution during milling and subsequent consolidation has been systematically investigated .